Art of making cementitious products or artificial stone.



No. 829,012. PATENTED AUG. 21, 1906e W. E. JAQUBS. ART 0F MAKINGGBMBNTITIOUS PRODUCTS 0R ARTIPIGIAL STONE.

APPLIUATION FILED JAI. 2, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

i A1. r www QQ ,mi

A. A non/JE YS PATENTBD AUG. 21, 1906.

w. E. JAQUIzs` ART 0F MAKING GBMBN TI'rIoUs PRoDUcTs on ARTIFICIALSTONE.

APPLICATION FILED JAH. 2, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

wnuessfs: 9% c vArt of Making Cementitious Products orV UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM E. JAQUFS, OF GRAND RAPIDS., MICHIGAN. ABT OF MAKINGOEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS OH ARTIFICIAL STONE..

specimen einem Patent.

Patented Aug. 21, 1906.`

Application lod January 9, 19M. Serial In. 187,513.

To all whom it may concern:y

Be it known that I, WILLxAM' E. JAQUEs, a citizen of the United Statesof America, residing at Grand Rapids, in the county of Kent and State ofMichigan, rhave invented certain new and useful Improvements in theArticial Stone; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact descri tion of the invention, such as will enabe othersskilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in the art of making cementitiousproducts orartificial stone, and pertains more especially to an improvedmethod or process of making cementitious bricks or products by firstforming a vertically-arranged moist and unset cementitious column ofpredetermined dimensions cross-sectionally and utilizing the weight ofthe said column in compacting the materials composing the column, thenremoving blocks or sections successively from the lower end of the saidcolumn, then permitting the said blocks or sections to harden to renderthcm suitable for use, and then, if desired, cutting or subdividing thesaid blocks or sections into bricks or the like.

One object of this invention is to closely compact the particles of themoist and unset cementitious mass formed for the manufac'' ture ofcementltious products or`art1cial stone and to accommodate the'use ofmaterial that is ,wetenough and to supply the said mass to the interiorchamber or passage-wa of a vertically s arranged tubular materiaconducting shaft having'the cross-sectional dimensions required to forma predetermined number of bricks or the like by the subdivision of theblocks or sections successively removed rom the lower end' of thecementitious column formed in and by the said shaft. Another object isto utilize the weight of the cementitious column within themateriallconductin r shaft to v compact the particles forming t e saidcolumn and to remove blocks or sections successively from the lower` endof the said column and to add enough fresh cementitious material to theupper e'nd of the colu1'nn"tbl accommodate the successive from the lowerend of the said column to descend into the interior chamber of a drawerhaving a removable pallet-forming bottom and to snugly fill the saidchamber and be confined upon the said bottom or pallet, then to severand remove the compacted mass contained in the said chamber horizontallyfrom the remainder of the column and supporting the said remainderduring the removal of a block or section from the lower end of thecolumn.

Another object is to mechanically tamp the material as it is added tothe upper end of the cementitious column.

Another object is to desirably, eiiicientl and economically operate uponan adequate y wet and unset cementitious mass and to eniployenough'cementitious slurry or cement andmoisture to incase with cementor cementitious substance each particle of sand in the mass, and notonly each particle of sand as contained in the original mass, but alsoeach subdivision of the particles of sand broken u during the compactingof the mass within tli)e shaft, so as to cause any naked surfacesresulting from such breaking up of particles of sand to be coated withcement or cemen titious substance. r

With these objects in view and t`o the end of realizing other advantageshereinafter appearing this invention consists in the steps or processhereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

My invention broadly com rises the formation of an upright column omoist and unset cementitious material, adding to one end of the columnto lengthen the latter, and

, largely in section, of the lower portion of thc a paratus andillustrates the removal of a bibel( or section from the lower end of.the cementitious column Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line 4 4, Fig.l, lookin in the direction indicated b the arrow. `ig. 5 is a verticalsection on ine 5 5, Fig. 3, lookin .1n the direction indicated by thearrow. 1g. 641s IIO a vertical section corresponding with Fig. 5,

except that in Fig. 6 the block or section Referring tothe said drawin Adesignates a verticall -arra ed hol ow column, shaft, or tube, which wil hereinafter in this s ecifcation be referred to as a shaft he interiorchamber or passage-way B of the shaft A extends from the upper extremityto the lower extremity of the shaft. The shaft A is of any suitableheight and is referably high enough to enable the weig t of the moistand unset cementitious material, which is fed into the upper end of theshaft, to compact the cementitious mass within the shaft and bring theparticles composing the mass into such juxtaposition to each other asto. form a mass .which is practicall nonporous. I have obtained verydesirable results with a shaft A six feet high. The pas sage-way B atits upper end and at one side Acommunicates with a feed-spout a, by andthrough which suitably-prepared cementitious material is fed to the saldpassage-way. The upper portion 10 of the shaft A between the upperextremity of the shaft and a `oint a short distance below the saidextrem- Lt is preferably uniform in cross-section, w creas o posite sidewalls of the remainder of the said) shaft, as shown in Fig. 1, divergeslightly downwardly to the lower extremity of the shaft where the latteris adapted to discharge into the interior chamber of a drawer e, whichis movable laterally in a horizontal lane next below the said shaft. Itwill be o rved that the shaft A is gradually enlarged, therefore, towardits lower end, and the passage-Way B at the lower extremity of the shafthas the cross-sectional dimensions required to form a redeterminednumber of bricks on edge. cementitious column C is shown formed withinthe shaft A. The drawer e may be actuated b hand or in any otherapproved manner. e drawer e is formed by a case 13, whose interiorchamber is open at the top, and the bottom of the said chamber isremovable downwardly, as will hereinafter appear, forming a pallet 14,whichin its drawer-bottom-forming or uplper position closes the saidchamber from be ow and eng rabbets 15 formed in the lowerrendoftl'necase1?,ass owninF` .1,3,4,

and 5. The interior chamber of t e drawer s has the dimensions requiredto hold a cementitious block or section capable of being subdivided intoa predetermined number of bricks on edge and is in line or out of linevertically with the shaft A, according as the drawer is'in one or theother of its two positions. The drawer restsG is 'movabl unastationaryta ,e w 'c isarra e jin far enough below the lowerandrflischarging extremity of the shaft A to accommodate theinterposition of the said drawer between the saidA extremity and thesaid table. The interior chamber of the drawer e and the dischargingextremity of the passage-way B exactly correspond in dimensionshorizontally and are 1n exact registry when the drawer is in position inline vertically with the said shaft. Suppose the drawer e isquadrangular in plan and is large enough in dimensions horizontally anddeep enough verticall to hold a cementitious block or section ivisibleinto eight ordinary bricks on ed e. The interior chamber of the` drawerwoul then be four inches deep vertically, about sixteen inches long, andeight inches wide, and the discharging extremitv of the assage-way B ofthe shaft A would then in imcnsions horizontally measure about sixteeninches one way and eight inches the other way. The drawer e when inposition registering with the passage-way B, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4,forms a downward extension of the said ass e-way and permits thecementitious colliimna, formed in and by the shaft A when the saidcolumn is not supported at the lower end of the shaft, to descend byavity into and fill the drawer, and tho slig t downward enlargement ofthe said passage-way facilitates the descent of the said column bgravity. The downward enlargement of t e assage-way B is exaggerativelshown in 1g. 1. The drawer e is provide at one side and at the top witha cutoff-forming gate K, which is arranged in a horizontal p an Thestationary table G is provided at one side of the shaft A with an opeextending vertically through the said ta le and just large enough indimensions to render it capable of receiving a verticall -reciprocatmgtable L, and the stationary framework D of the machine, which bears thestationary table G, Ais rovided with vertically-amm ed guides 2O for themovable table L. The at- 'ter is provided at its under side with aroller yl, which engages the peripheral cam-formingr surface of acam-wheel f, operatively mounted on a horizontally-arranged shaft F,which is supported from the framework D and operatively provided with adriving-wheel h, to which power is applied in any approved manner. e

It will be observed that the stationar table G surrounds the path of themovab table L, and the relatlve arrangement of tho parts is such thatthe movable table in its upper position is flush on top with thestationary table; that the removable pallet 14 rests a le table,according as the drawer e is actuated into the one or the other of itspositions upon the stationary table; that the cut-ofi K covers thepassage-way B from below when the ldrawer is'inpositlonl with the pallet14 resting upon the mavable table L, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, and thatthe said cut-off sup- IOC IIO

upon the stationary table or upon the movacacia ports the 'cementitiouscolumn C as soon as the drawer e during the actuation of the drawerbegins to move from under the shaft A; that the movable table L and theopening formed in the stationa table for the reception of the movable tale are large enough in dimensions to cover the allet from below when thedrawer is actuated into its position over the movable table7 so that theladen pallet when the drawer lis in osition over the movable table is4ready to e lowered with the movable table to accommodate the removalfrom the drawer of the pallet and the compacted cementitious mass orproduct contained in the drawer.

The release of the cementitious product from the drawer e during thedischarge of the product downwardly from the drawer may e facilitated bya plunger P, capable of movement vertically and arranged to enter thechamber of the drawer from above when the drawer is in position over thepath of the movable table.

In Figs. 3, 5, and 6, C designates the cementitious block or sectionremoved from the column C. Thearrangement of the parts is such that inthe lower position of the mov able table L the laden pallet 14 is freeto be removed from between the guides 20 and from in under the drawerand to accommodate the placing upon the said table of an unladen palletto be elevated into position, formin the bottom of the drawer upon againe evating the movable table into itsv upper position, whereupon thecomplete drawer 1s moved into position below and into line with theshaft A.

' witlithe shaft F by an endlessc ain E, en-

Mechanism shown for actuating the drawer e4 comprises two links r,arranged at opposite ends, respectively, of the drawer. The links r areoperatively attached to the upper ends of upright levers T, which arearranged at o poslte sides, respectivel 'of the ath of t e drawer andfulcrumed orizonta ly at their lower ends, as at t, to the stationarframework D. The levers T are provi ed with rollers s, which engagecam-forming grooves u, formed in cam-wheels U, o eratively mounted uponthe shaft F. The links r are horizontally pivoted, as at R, to andlongitudinally of the drawer e, below the inner end of the cut-off K.

Mechanism shown for operatin the plunger P comprises a shaft Q, arrangehorizontally above the path of the said plunger and o eratively providedwith a camwheel W, w ich has cam-forming grooves w, engaged by rollerswith which the upwardlyproiecting stems p of the plun er P are provided.The plunger P is gui ed during its vertical reci rocation byvertically-'arranged guides y, w ich are formed uon or rigid with thestationary framework of the machine. The shaft Q is operativel connectedgaging two sprocket-wheels I and J, operatively mounted on the shafts Fand Q, respectively.

The vi ration of the shaft A, exce t at its lower extremity, is notobjectiona le, but rather desirable; but to positively preventdisplacement of the said shaft at its lower extremit out of line withthe drawer e when the said Vdrawer is in position to receive a compactedcementitious mass, the shaft A is provided at its lower extremity andexternally with flanges 18, which are bolted or otherwise rigidlysecured, as at 19, to the stationar framework D. The shaft A is shownprovi ed externally of its upper portion with a platform M, and a taming device m (shown resting upon the plat orm) may be used by anoperative or attendant, (not shown,) who, standing on the platform, canby means of the said device tam'p the fresh cernentitious material addedto the upper end of the cementitious column C during my improvedprocess.

he arrangement of parts and the trend of the cani-formin surfaces of thedifferent cam-wheels of t e ap )aratus are such that the actuation ofthe .rawer e, table L, and plunger P are accurately timed; that the saiddrawer is in one of its positions, as already indicated, in registrywith the passa e-way B; that the pallet-forming bottom of t 1e saiddrawer is in position upon the table L in the other position of thedrawer, as already indi cated; that the cut-ofi1 K sup orts thecementitious column C when the rawer is actuated from in `under theshaft A; that the least projection of the cut-oif in under thepassage-way B is sufficient to support the column C, and that thereforethe said cut-od` is arranged externally of, but just outside of. thesaid passage-way when the drawer is in its material-receiving positionat the lower end of the said passage-way; that the plunger P is notemployed as a plunger for the purpose of compressing or compacting thecementitious material ecause t e cementltions mass within the drawer isalready adequately compacted; that the said plunger is employed only forthe pur ose of assisting the release of the compacte mass from withlinthe case 13 of the drawer during the descent ofthe laden pallet with thetable L, and that the said plunger in its upper position is ready tomove downwardly into the chamber of the drawer when the drawer isactuated onto the said table, but does not begin to descend until thedrawer has been actuated into its position upon the said table,whereupon the plunger and the said table descend together. A

A desirable cementitious mass used in making cementitious products orartificial .stone by myprocess is a concreteor composition or compoundhaving hydraulic cement or cementitious substance, sand, and water as m-IOO IIO

gradients. The cement and water are first mixed together, so' as to forma cementitious slurry, using in said operation more water and morecement than 1s necessa to effect a settin and hardening of the res tingproduct. en the cementitious slurry is added to the sand, ground-rockmaterial, or any similar material-such, for instance, as groundslag-which may be substituted for or added to the sand or-rock material,and then the cementitions slurry and the sand or material substitutedtherefor or added to the sand are thoroughly mixed together.

I would here remark that .b the word sand as employed hereinafter 1nthis specificaticn I mean not only sand as this word is ordinarilyunderstood, but any materialsuch, for instance, as cinde'rs and crushedsla or rock material, artificial or naturalwhich is suitable for usewith the cementitious slurry. I use, preferably, about one part of thecementitious slurry, by weight, to two parts of sand. In anyevent I usemore moisture and more cementitious substance than necessary for thenumber of particles in the original mass of sand used. The mixture ofthe full quantity of water or moisture with the cement or cementitioussubstance before the addition of the sand causes each particle of thecement or cementitious substance to be incased by -water or moisture,and a thorough mixing of the cementitious slurry and the sand causeseach particle of the sand to be incased by the lcementitious substance.I would remark also that before commencing to remove cementitious blocksor sections successively from the lower end of the cementitious column Cthe cut-oil' K is ermitted to remain in or brought into its closing or oerative position until the shaft A has been ed with cementitiousmaterial, and the we' t of the cementitious column C is utilize incompacting material composing the blocks or sections successivelyremoved from the cementitiou's column. The compactin and feeding of thematerial within the sha A may be mechanically as# sisted by tamping uponthe upper portion of the oementitious column C. e 'fresh material addedto the ulperend of the column C is preferably tampe upon itsadditiontothe said column.

In operatingu on a cementitious mass column C, being' formed by andwithin the mass--that is, not already employed in permanently incasingparticles of sand with cement-will during the descent of the mass bespread or distributed and caused to reach and coat any surfaces whichescaped being previously coated and any new surfaces newly formed uponarticles of sand which have resulted from a 'reaking up of particles ofsand during the compactmg of the solid particles of themass Withinthesaid shaft.

I would here remark that cement which has not yet set is readily brokenor severed, and consequently the blocks or sections successively removedfrom the lower end of the cementitious column readily separate from theremainder of the column. The laden pallet 14 is conveyed to and left inany convenient place until the material com sing the block or sectionupon the said pal et has set, and the said block or section is allowedto set for several hours whereupon the said section is cut or subdividedinto bricks, and the resulti bricks or subdivisions are removed and staced in any convenient place to permit them to harden, and are lrcferablyal1 lowed to harden for about a wee before they are deemed suitable foruse.

The apparatus hereinbefore described and employed in carrying out theprocess which constitutes the subect-matter of this application formsthe su ject-matter of a contemporaneous application filed simultaneouslywith this application.

What I claim is- 1. An improvement in the art of making cementitiousproducts or artificial stone, consist in the formation of alaterally-supporte moist and unset upri ht ce entitious column highenough to rem? the material in the column capable o compacting thematerial in the column to the extent required to form the product to bemade successively removing sections from the sai column at thetransversely larger end of the shaft, 'and adding fresh moist and unsetcementitious material to the cemerftit'ious co'lumn at the-opposite endof the shaft.

2. An improvement in the art o'f making cementitious products orartificial stone, consisting in the formation of `an upright moist andunset cementitio'us column containing enough moisture and cement orcementitieus substance to incase every -particleof aand .in the saidcolumn with cement or-cementiticus substance and high en h to render theweight of the material in t e column capable of compacting the materialinthe column to the extent required to form the product to be made;removing sections successivel 'from one end ofthe said column, andeaddmglike cementitious material to `'the vcolumn' at the other end f thecolumn.

IOO

er the we" ht of 'Ilo An improvement in the art of making cementitiousroducts or artificial stone, consistingin the ormation of an uprightcementitious coluinn high enough to render the weight ofthe material inthe column capable of compacting the material in the column to theextent required to form the product to be made; removing Sectionssuccessively from one end ofthe said column and adding fresh' 1o molstand unset oe`mentitious material to the testimony whereof I sign theforegoing '15 specification in the resence of two-witnesses.

f VlLLIAM EJAQUES. Witnesses: C. H. DORER, G. M. HAYES.

